How to Move to Belgium: A Complete Guide
Belgium, with its rich history, vibrant culture, and central location in Europe, is an attractive destination for expats, students, professionals, and retirees alike. Whether you’re drawn to its charming cities like Brussels, Bruges, or Antwerp, or you’re seeking a high quality of life, moving to Belgium requires careful planning. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the essential steps to make your transition as smooth as possible.
1. Decide Why You’re Moving to Belgium
Before making any moves, it’s important to clarify your reasons for relocating. Belgium offers various opportunities depending on your goals:
- Work : Belgium has a strong economy, particularly in sectors like finance, technology, logistics, and EU institutions.
- Study : Belgian universities are renowned for their academic excellence, offering programs in both Dutch and French, as well as English-taught courses.
- Family Reunification : If you have family members already residing in Belgium, you may qualify for a visa based on family ties.
- Retirement : With its high standard of living, excellent healthcare system, and picturesque towns, Belgium is a popular choice for retirees.
- Entrepreneurship : Starting a business in Belgium can be rewarding, especially given its strategic position within the European Union.
Your reason for moving will influence the type of visa or permit you need, so identifying your purpose early is crucial.
2. Research Visa and Residence Permit Requirements
Depending on your nationality, you may need a visa to enter and stay in Belgium. Here’s a breakdown of the most common scenarios:
EU/EEA/Swiss Citizens
If you’re from an EU member state, EEA country, or Switzerland, you don’t need a visa to move to Belgium. However:
- You must register with the local municipality (commune) within 8 days of arrival.
- Provide proof of address, identity documents, and health insurance.
Non-EU/EEA Nationals
For non-EU citizens, obtaining a visa and residence permit is mandatory. The process varies based on your reason for moving:
- Work Permit : Secure a job offer first. Your employer will assist in applying for a work permit and single permit (combining work authorization and residency).
- Student Visa : Enroll in a recognized educational institution and apply for a long-stay visa.
- Family Reunification Visa : Apply if you’re joining a spouse, child, or parent who legally resides in Belgium.
- Self-Employment Visa : Entrepreneurs must demonstrate their business plan and financial stability.
Schengen Visa
If you’re planning a short-term stay (up to 90 days), a Schengen visa suffices. For longer stays, you’ll need a long-stay visa (Type D).
3. Find Accommodation
Securing housing before or shortly after arriving in Belgium is essential. Options include renting an apartment, buying property, or staying temporarily in serviced apartments or Airbnb.
Tips for Finding Housing
- Use online platforms like Immoweb, Rent in Belgium, or Facebook groups for expats.
- Be prepared for strict rental requirements, including proof of income, a deposit (typically three months’ rent), and sometimes a Belgian guarantor.
- Consider shared accommodations initially if you’re unsure about neighborhoods or budgets.
Popular cities for expats include:
- Brussels : Multicultural and cosmopolitan, ideal for professionals working in EU institutions or international companies.
- Antwerp : Known for its fashion scene and port activities.
- Ghent : A student-friendly city with a lively cultural vibe.
- Bruges : Perfect for those seeking a quieter, historic setting.
4. Learn the Local Languages
Belgium has three official languages:
- Dutch (spoken in Flanders, the northern region)
- French (spoken in Wallonia, the southern region)
- German (spoken by a small community in the east)
While many Belgians speak English, especially in urban areas, learning the local language(s) can significantly enhance your integration and daily life. Enroll in language courses offered by local schools or online platforms.
5. Understand the Healthcare System
Belgium boasts one of the best healthcare systems in the world, combining public and private services. To access healthcare:
- Register with a mutuelle (health insurance fund). Most people contribute through payroll deductions if employed.
- Obtain a social security number (required for healthcare access).
- Choose a general practitioner (GP) and specialists as needed.
Healthcare costs are subsidized, but having supplementary private insurance is advisable for additional coverage.
6. Open a Bank Account
Opening a Belgian bank account is straightforward once you have a residence permit and proof of address. Popular banks include BNP Paribas Fortis, ING Belgium, and KBC. Bring the following documents:
- Passport or ID card
- Proof of address (rental contract or utility bill)
- Residence permit
Some banks may require an appointment, so plan ahead.
7. Set Up Utilities and Services
Once settled, arrange for essential utilities such as electricity, water, gas, and internet. Providers vary by region, so research options specific to your area. Common telecom providers include Proximus, Orange, and Telenet.
8. Adapt to Belgian Culture and Lifestyle
Understanding Belgian customs and etiquette will help you integrate smoothly:
- Punctuality is valued, especially in professional settings.
- Belgians appreciate politeness; always greet people with “Bonjour” (French) or “Goedendag” (Dutch).
- Food plays a significant role in Belgian culture—try local specialties like waffles, fries, mussels, and, of course, chocolate!
- Public transportation is efficient, with trains, trams, and buses connecting major cities.
9. Get Familiar with Taxes
Belgium has a progressive tax system, meaning higher earners pay more taxes. Key points to note:
- Income tax rates range from 25% to 50%, depending on your earnings.
- VAT (value-added tax) is 21% for most goods and services.
- File annual tax returns using Form 281.10 (provided by your employer).
Consult a tax advisor to ensure compliance and take advantage of deductions.
10. Explore Employment Opportunities
If you’re moving for work, consider these tips:
- Update your CV/resume to match Belgian standards (include a photo and detailed education/work history).
- Network extensively—Belgians value personal connections in hiring processes.
- Check job portals like LinkedIn, Indeed.be, and StepStone.be.
- Freelancers should register as self-employed and comply with tax obligations.
11. Prepare for Education (If Applicable)
If you’re moving with children, enrolling them in school is a priority. Belgium offers:
- Free public schools (in Dutch, French, or German, depending on the region).
- International schools (fee-based, offering curricula like IB or American/British systems).
- Private schools (religious or secular).
For higher education, universities like KU Leuven, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Ghent University are highly regarded.
12. Enjoy the Belgian Way of Life
Finally, embrace everything Belgium has to offer:
- Visit iconic landmarks like the Grand Place in Brussels, Bruges’ canals, and the Atomium.
- Attend festivals like Tomorrowland (music) or Carnival of Binche (cultural).
- Join expat communities or local clubs to meet new friends and expand your network.
