Title: How Brexit Affects UK Citizens Moving to Belgium

13 February، 2025

0 397 4 minutes read

The United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union (Brexit) has had far-reaching consequences for British citizens, particularly those wishing to live, work, or retire in EU member states like Belgium. Since January 1, 2021, when the Brexit transition period ended, UK nationals are no longer considered EU citizens. This change has introduced new rules and challenges for Britons moving to Belgium. Below is a detailed breakdown of how Brexit impacts various aspects of relocation and life in Belgium.

1. Residency Rights

Before Brexit, UK citizens enjoyed freedom of movement within the EU, allowing them to settle in Belgium without significant restrictions. Post-Brexit, however, residency requirements have become stricter.

a. Pre-Settled vs. Settled Status

If you were already living in Belgium before December 31, 2020, you may qualify for “settled status” under the Withdrawal Agreement. This grants you rights similar to those of EU citizens, including access to healthcare, employment, and social benefits.
Those who arrived after this date must apply for a long-term visa or residence permit through standard immigration procedures.

b. New Applications

UK citizens now need to apply for a Type D Long-Stay Visa at the Belgian embassy or consulate in their home country before relocating. Upon arrival, they must register with local authorities and obtain a residence permit.
The process involves providing proof of sufficient financial resources, health insurance, and accommodation.

2. Work Permits and Employment

One of the most significant changes post-Brexit is the requirement for UK citizens to secure work permits to be employed in Belgium.

a. Work Authorization

Unlike EU citizens, UK nationals must now apply for a Single Permit , which combines both a work permit and a residence permit.
Employers must demonstrate that no suitable candidates from the EU, EEA, or Switzerland were available for the position before hiring a non-EU national.

b. Self-Employment

Freelancers and entrepreneurs face additional hurdles, as they must prove their business will contribute positively to the Belgian economy. Documentation such as a business plan and financial statements is often required.

c. Recognition of Qualifications

Professional qualifications obtained in the UK may no longer be automatically recognized in Belgium. Individuals in regulated professions (e.g., doctors, lawyers, engineers) must undergo an equivalence assessment to practice legally.

3. Healthcare Access

Healthcare entitlements for UK citizens in Belgium have also been affected by Brexit.

a. S1 Forms for Retirees

Pensioners receiving a UK state pension can still access Belgian healthcare if they hold an S1 form issued by the NHS. This ensures coverage equivalent to that of Belgian residents.

b. Private Health Insurance

For those not covered by the S1 scheme, private health insurance is mandatory when applying for residency. Without it, your application may be rejected.

c. EHIC Cards

The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), previously used by UK travelers for emergency medical care, has been replaced by the GHIC (Global Health Insurance Card) for British citizens. However, this only covers temporary stays and does not replace comprehensive health insurance for residents.

4. Education Opportunities

Brexit has altered the landscape for UK students and academics seeking educational opportunities in Belgium.

a. Tuition Fees

UK students are no longer eligible for reduced tuition fees reserved for EU citizens. Instead, they must pay higher international student rates at Belgian universities.

b. Erasmus+ Program

The UK’s withdrawal from the Erasmus+ exchange program means fewer opportunities for British students to study abroad in Belgium under this initiative. Some universities have established alternative partnerships, but these are limited in scope.

c. Research Collaborations

While collaborations between UK and Belgian institutions continue, funding opportunities through EU programs like Horizon Europe may be restricted for UK-based researchers.

5. Family Reunification

Brexit has complicated family reunification processes for UK citizens residing in Belgium.

a. Spouses and Dependents

Non-EU family members of UK citizens must apply for visas and meet stringent criteria, including proof of relationship, financial stability, and health insurance.

b. Dual Citizenship

Some UK citizens opt to acquire Belgian citizenship to simplify matters for themselves and their families. However, this requires passing language tests and meeting residency requirements.

6. Tax Implications

Tax regulations for UK expatriates in Belgium have also evolved due to Brexit.

a. Double Taxation Agreements

The UK and Belgium maintain a double taxation agreement, ensuring individuals aren’t taxed twice on the same income. However, navigating tax obligations can still be complex, especially regarding pensions and investments.

b. Inheritance Tax

Inheritance tax laws vary depending on the region of Belgium where you reside. UK citizens should consult legal experts to ensure compliance and minimize liabilities.

7. Social Integration

Cultural and linguistic barriers pose additional challenges for UK citizens adapting to life in Belgium post-Brexit.

a. Language Proficiency

Learning Dutch or French remains critical for integration, as English is less widely spoken outside major cities like Brussels.

b. Community Support

Expatriate networks and organizations like Brits in Belgium offer valuable support, helping newcomers navigate administrative procedures and connect with others in similar situations.

8. Practical Tips for Moving to Belgium Post-Brexit

To mitigate the impact of Brexit, consider the following steps:

Plan Ahead: Start the visa and residency application process early to avoid delays.
Seek Legal Advice: Consult immigration lawyers familiar with Belgian regulations to ensure compliance.
Learn the Local Language: Enroll in language courses to improve communication and integration.
Join Expat Groups: Leverage online forums and local communities for advice and networking.